Emily+Gay

=  = =**The Scarlet Pimpernel Wiki Page** = **Author and //The Scarlet Pimpernel// Background Information** Baroness Orczy __thenostalgialeague.com__ [] []
 * She was born as Emma Magdalena Rosalia Maria Josefa Barbara Orczy on 23 September 1865 at the family estate "Tarna-Örs" in Hungary.
 * She was the second daughter of Felix (a composer and conductor) and Emma Orczy.
 * They moved from Budapest to Brussels and then to Paris because her father feared the consequences of a peasant revolt.
 * They moved to London when Emma was 15.
 * She met her husband, Montague Barstow, at the Heatherby School of Art, and they married in 1894 and had one son.
 * Emma and Montague began writing //The Scarlet Pimpernel// in 1903 as a play.
 * The play was based partially on her own experiences.
 * She submitted her play to 12 publishers before it was actually published in 1905.
 * Before the 13th publisher decided to publish //The Scarlet Pimpernel// as a book, the play was accepted by Fred Terry and Julia Neilson for production in the West End and ran in London for four years with great success.
 * Emma died on November 12, 1947 in London.

**The French Revolution** Parisian women invading Versailles. [] [] __modernhistorian.blogspot.com__ **Geography during the French Revolution** __history.ucsb.edu__ [] [] **The Guillotine** [] []
 * 1774- Louis XV dies leaving a huge debt from the wars that occurred during his reign.
 * 1778- The peasants of France are very mad because of the unfair tax system and a poor harvest from the previous year.
 * May 5, 1789- Louis XVI calls the Estates-General to meet about approving a tax plan.
 * July 14, 1789- The Parisians storm Bastille.
 * August 4, 1789- The end of serfdom and feudalism in France is announced by the National Assembly.
 * August 27, 1789- The Declaration of the Rights of Man is issued by the National Assembly.
 * October 5, 1789- Versailles is invaded by Parisian women.
 * 1790- The Civil Constitution of Clergy is adopted.
 * 1791- The Constitution of 1791 is passed.
 * June 20, 1791- Louis XVI and his family try to escape France but are arrested.
 * April 20, 1792- France declares war on Austria.
 * September 1792- The first meeting of the National Convention is held.
 * January 21, 1793- Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette are sentenced to the guillotine.
 * August 1793- All healthy men are drafted into the army.
 * September 1793 through July 1794- 20,000 to 40,000 people are sentenced to death by the Reign of Terror court.
 * July 27, 1794- Robespierre is arrested by the National Convention.
 * July 28, 1794- Robespierre is beheaded.
 * 1795- There is a new Constitution.
 * 1799- The Directory falls and marks the end of the French Revolution.
 * France is the second largest country in Europe.
 * Its capital is Paris.
 * Two-thirds of France is mountains and hills.
 * France has a temperate climate.
 * Along, the Mediterranean coast, there are mild winters and hot, dry summers.
 * Mountain areas are much colder with more snow and rain.
 * It is slightly less than twice the size of Colorado.
 * It is the largest West European nation.
 * It was designed by Dr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotine in 1790, who is said to have been a kind man that wanted execution to be more humane.
 * It was accepted by the National Assembly in 1791.
 * The victims were placed on a bench, face down, with their necks between the uprights
 * It took less than half a second from the blade dropping to the victim’s head rolling into the basket.
 * Though it was said to be humane, it could take up to 30 seconds for the victim to lose consciousness.
 * The Guillotine was called Madame Guillotine.
 * It is said that about 40,000 people died from the Guillotine.
 * Total weight of Guillotine- 1,278 pounds
 * Blade weight- 88.2 pounds
 * Height of side posts- 14 feet
 * Blade drop- 88 inches
 * Power at impact- 888 pounds per square inch

During the French Revolution, fashion in France went from being extravagant, vibrant, and overdone to the simplest of styles. This was done to try to abolish the class differences. The nobles who survived the guillotine changed the fashion that made them so distinct from the lower classes. To be safe, they started to wear clothes like the normal citizens. Because the class system was abolished, everyone had to dress the same and interact with each other. Silk, velvet, ribbons, and laces were not made as much, and cotton became the main material. People often wore dark and dull colors because they were cheaper. The tricolor, or the national cockade, appeared on every outfit. Women began to look more for comfort and simplicity rather than have the latest styles. They adopted a masculine type of dress from the English. Straight lines were used in the dresses. The bodices were short in the waist, and the sleeves went to the elbows. The neck was low and finished with fichu. Trimming was only used in an occasional ruffle on the bottom of the skirt. The main materials, other than cotton, used in the dresses were the sheer embroidered Indian muslin, painted gauze, and lace. The hairstyle was low in front with curls in the back, and bonnets were sometimes worn. The men wore dark colors, and their pants reached the ankles. Their style of coats, however, changed only in material and color. Black felt hats and high leather boots were worn by all men. In England, fashion changed very little and was more elaborate than that of the French. Women were judged class-wise by the height of their head-dresses, and men were judged by the height of their wigs. Long walking sticks with gold or silver knobs were carried by both men and women, and the practice of carrying swords diminished except among military men. Heels and the long-tongues of shoes disappeared almost completely. The fan also came into style. It was used as relief from heat, to stifle a yawn, and to conceal a blush. The women’s overskirst was often stuffed with loosely crumpled paper that made a rustling sound when the woman moved. The underskirt and the overskirt were usually constrasting colors or lighter and darker shades of the same color.
 * Fashion during the French Revolution **

[] [] [] [] **The Main Characters of //The Scarlet Pimpernel//** - Husband of Marguerite Blakeney - Loves Marguerite passionately, but his pride will not allow him to show it - Appears to be stupid and lazy - Very handsome (except for the seemingly lazy eye) and rich - The Scarlet Pimpernel - Wife of Sir Percy Blakeney - Born in France - Sister of Armand - Was a republican - Was a famous actress - Formerly Marguerite St. Just - Known as the “cleverest woman in England” - Marries her husband because she loved how his world revolved around her - Sells out St. Cyr because she wanted to get revenge for her brother - Gives information about the Scarlet Pimpernel to Chauvelin because she wanted to save her brother - Discovers that her husband is actually the Scarlet Pimpernel, so she has to go save him - French spy - Blackmails Lady Blakeney with a letter from Armand - Wishes to capture the Scarlet Pimpernel and turn him to the French so that he can die by the Guillotine - Brother of Marguerite - Was a republican - Loves his sister very much - Helps the Scarlet Pimpernel - Helps the Scarlet Pimpernel - Loves Suzanne de Tournay - Helps Marguerite warn Percy about Chauvelin - Loves Sir Andrew Ffloulkes - Is very loyal to her mother - School friend of Marguerite’s - Daughter of Comte and Comtesse de Tournay - Sister of Vicomte de Tournay - Brother of Suzanne - Son of Comte and Comtesse de Tournay - Stays behind after his mother and sister go to bed to defend his mother - French aristocrat - Saved by the Scarlet Pimpernel - Does not like Marguerite because she turned in the St. Cyrs - Wants her husband to make it safely to England with the help of the Scarlet Pimpernel - Father of Suzanne and Vicomte - Husband of the Comtesse de Tournay - Will be saved by the Scarlet Pimpernel - One of the sons of the Duke of Exeter - Perfect type of young English gentleman - Enjoys going to “The Fisherman’s Rest” - Helps the Scarlet Pimpernel - Owns “The Fisherman’s Rest” - Father of Sally - Helps out at “The Fisherman’s Rest” - Daughter of Mr. Jellyband - Very pretty - In love with Sally - Enjoys going to “The Fisherman’s Rest” **Versailles** Versailles [] [] __students.sbc.edu__ **The Bastille** The Storming of Bastille [] __philebrity.com__ **The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen** [] [] []- has actual text of the document
 * __Sir Percy Blakeney__
 * __Marguerite Blakeney__
 * __Chauvelin__
 * __Armand St. Just__
 * __Sir Andrew Ffloulkes__
 * __Suzanne de Tournay__
 * __Vicomte de Tournay__
 * __Comtesse de Tournay__
 * __Comte de Tournay__
 * __Lord Antony Dewhurst__
 * __Mr. Jellyband__
 * __Sally__
 * __Henry Waite__
 * Official residence of the kings of France from 1682 until 1790
 * Originally a hunting lodge for Louis XIII
 * Built in 1624
 * Expanded by Louis XIV in 1669
 * During the French Revolution, all of the art was moved from Versailles to the Louvre.
 * Other important items went to the National Library and the Conservatory of Arts and Crafts.
 * Most of the furniture was sold at auction.
 * Notable rooms include the following: The Hall of Mirrors, The Chapel of Versailles, The Grand Apartment, and The Royal Opera.
 * It is home to Europe’s largest palace garden, which is 250 acres.
 * Built between 1370 and 1383 as part of the defenses of Paris
 * In the 17th century, Charles VI converted it into a prison.
 * It started to get a very poor reputation when it began to become the main prison for the people taken under 'lettres de cachet' that were issued by the King of France.
 * It grew dramatically by the 18th century.
 * On July 14, 1789, 1,000 Parisians stormed Bastille to release the remaining seven prisoners in there.
 * An exchange of gunfire began after the crowd broke into the outer courtyard and the chains to the inner courtyard drawbridge were cut.
 * Even though De Launay ordered a ceasefire, the victors came in to liberate the fortress.
 * 98 attackers and 1 defender died.
 * De Launay was stabbed to death, and many of his officers were killed.
 * The rioters freed the seven prisoners and then beheaded the governor and the guards of Bastille.
 * Pierre-Francois Palloy completely destroyed Bastille by November of 1789.
 * Passed by the National Assembly on August 26, 1789
 * Summary of ideals and principles of the French Revolution
 * Based on the rights of individuals, liberty, and political equality
 * Did not include women in these rights, though
 * Stated that all men were equal
 * One of the basic charters of human liberty
 * Has 17 articles

** The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen ** and extended it to women. Olympe de Gouges
 * Written by Olympe de Gouges (a playwright in France) in 1791
 * Modeled on the 1789 “Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen”
 * It echoed the same language as “Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen”
 * She believed that woman was not just the same as man, but was actually an equal partner.
 * She believed that women had freedom of speech.
 * She also believed that because men assisted in reproduction, women should be seen as members of the political and public side of society.
 * For refusing to be silent and insisting on equality, Olympe de Gouges was arrested in July 1793 and was sent to the guillotine in November of that year.

__en.wikipedia.org__ []- has actual text of the document []